1. Spring (March-May)

• Remove debris, fallen leaves, and dead grass to allow new growth to emerge.
• Conduct a soil test to determine pH levels and nutrient needs.
• If soil is compacted, aerate to improve air, water, and nutrient penetration.
• Fill in bare patches by overseeding with grass varieties suitable for your region.
• Fertilization: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer to provide essential nutrients for spring growth.
• Begin pre-emergent weed control to prevent summer weeds.
• Start mowing when grass reaches about 3 inches, cutting no more than 1/3 of the blade length.
• Water deep but infrequently encourages deep root growth, typically 1 inch per week, including rainfall.

2. Summer (June - August)

• Raise mowing height slightly to protect roots from heat stress. Continue the 1/3 rule.
• Water deeply early in the morning, providing 1-1.5 inches weekly. Adjust for rainfall.
• If needed, apply a summer formula fertilizer based on spring soil test results.
• Monitor for signs of insect damage and treat promptly if necessary.
• Spot-treat weeds or hand-pull to prevent spread.
• Minimize heavy foot traffic on stressed areas of the lawn.
• Leave grass clippings on the lawn to return nutrients to the soil unless it is excessively long.
• If drought occurs, allow cool-season grasses to go dormant. Water is just enough to keep crowns alive.

3. Fall (September - November)

• Conduct another soil test to plan for fall fertilization.
• Apply a phosphorus-rich fertilizer to strengthen roots before winter.
• It is ideal for both, as cooler temperatures and increased moisture support seed germination.
• Rake or mulch fallen leaves to prevent smothering the grass.
• Apply post-emergent herbicides to control winter weeds.
• Continue regular mowing, gradually lowering the height for the last few cuts of the season.
• Reduce watering frequency but maintain depth as temperatures cool.
• Equipment maintenance: Clean and sharpen lawn tools before winter storage.

4. Winter (December - February)

• Avoid walking on frozen grass to prevent damage.
• If shoveling snow, create piles on driveways or sidewalks, not on the lawn.
• In dry areas, water occasionally during warm, dry spells when the ground isn't frozen.
• Remove any winter weeds that appear on warmer days.
• Use this time to plan next year's lawn care strategy and order supplies.
• Service lawnmowers and other equipment for the upcoming spring season.
• Learn about new lawn care techniques or grass varieties that benefit your landscape.
• Avoid using salt-based de-icers near the lawn, opting for sand or cat litter.

5. Year-Round Best Practices

• Walk your lawn weekly to spot issues early.
• Keep mower blades sharp; never cut over 1/3 of the grass blade length.
• Aim for deep, infrequent watering rather than frequent, shallow watering.
• Focus on building healthy soil through organic matter addition and proper pH management.
• Choose grass varieties well-suited to your local climate for easier maintenance.
• Use biological, cultural, and chemical methods to manage pests with minimal environmental impact.
• Maintain a log of lawn care activities, observations, and results to refine your approach over time.